Menopause
Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's reproductive years. It occurs when the ovaries stop producing eggs, leading to a decrease in oestrogen and progesterone levels, two hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.
Typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55, menopause signifies the end of menstruation and the end of fertility. However, menopause is more than just the cessation of periods; it involves significant physical, emotional, and hormonal changes that can impact overall well-being.
Understanding Menopause
Menopause is confirmed when a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, and it usually occurs naturally as a part of aging. There are three stages of menopause:
Perimenopause (the Transition Phase): Perimenopause is the transitional period leading up to menopause, which can begin several years before menopause itself. It is characterised by irregular menstrual cycles and fluctuating hormone levels, particularly oestrogen. Common symptoms during perimenopause include hot flushes, night sweats, mood swings, and irregular periods. This phase can last anywhere from a few months to several years.
Menopause: Menopause is the point when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months. This marks the end of reproductive capability, and the ovaries produce very low levels of oestrogen and progesterone. Common symptoms during this stage include hot flushes, vaginal dryness, and sleep disturbances.
Postmenopause: Postmenopause begins after a woman has gone 12 months without a menstrual period. During this phase, menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes may continue, but the risk of health conditions associated with lower oestrogen levels, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, increases.
Common Symptoms of Menopause
Menopause symptoms can vary significantly from woman to woman, both in type and severity. Some of the most common symptoms include:
Hot Flushes and Night Sweats: Hot flushes are sudden feelings of warmth, often accompanied by redness in the face and neck and sweating. Night sweats are similar symptoms that occur during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep patterns.
Irregular Periods: During perimenopause, menstrual cycles may become unpredictable, with variations in the frequency, duration, and flow of periods.
Vaginal Dryness and Discomfort: The decline in oestrogen levels can lead to vaginal dryness, itching, and discomfort during intercourse, often referred to as genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM).
Mood Changes: Hormonal fluctuations can contribute to mood swings, irritability, anxiety, and depression. Some women may experience feelings of sadness or emotional instability.
Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia or difficulty staying asleep is common during menopause, often exacerbated by night sweats.
Decreased Libido: Many women experience a reduced interest in sexual activity due to hormonal changes, vaginal dryness, or emotional factors.
Weight Gain and Changes in Metabolism: A slower metabolism and changes in body composition may lead to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.
Cognitive Changes: Some women experience difficulty concentrating, memory lapses, or “brain fog” during menopause.
Bone Density Loss: The decline in oestrogen levels can lead to decreased bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
Hair and Skin Changes: Thinning hair and dry, aging skin are common due to decreased collagen production and hormonal changes.
Long-Term Health Considerations During Menopause
Menopause can increase the risk of certain health conditions due to the decline in oestrogen levels. Regular monitoring and preventive care are crucial to maintaining overall health:
Osteoporosis: The decline in oestrogen accelerates bone loss, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Bone density scans, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercises, and medications (if necessary) can help protect bone health.
Cardiovascular Health: Menopause is associated with an increased risk of heart disease. It is important to monitor blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and maintain a heart-healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, and avoiding smoking.
Urinary and Sexual Health: The decline in oestrogen may lead to urinary incontinence, frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs), and vaginal atrophy. Pelvic floor exercises, vaginal moisturisers, and local oestrogen therapy can help alleviate these issues.
Mental Health: The emotional impact of menopause should not be underestimated. Regular mental health check-ups, counselling, and stress management techniques can help women navigate the psychological challenges associated with menopause.
Menopause is a natural phase in a woman's life that brings both challenges and opportunities for growth and self-care.
At Elysian Women’s Health, we provide personalised, compassionate care to help you navigate menopause with confidence. Our team of healthcare professionals is dedicated to supporting your physical, emotional, and mental well-being during this significant transition.