What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when one or more of the pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus, rectum, or small intestine, descend into or outside the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments. This condition can cause discomfort, urinary and bowel issues, and can significantly affect a woman's quality of life. It is a common condition, especially among women who have given birth, experienced menopause, or undergone pelvic surgery.

Symptoms of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

The symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse can vary depending on the type and severity of the prolapse. Common symptoms include:

• A Sensation of Fullness or Pressure: Many women describe a feeling of fullness, heaviness, or pressure in the pelvis, similar to sitting on a small ball.

• Visible or Palpable Bulge: Some women may notice or feel a bulge or protrusion from the vaginal opening.

• Urinary Problems: These can include urinary incontinence, difficulty starting urination, or the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying.

• Bowel Issues: Difficulty with bowel movements, a sensation of incomplete evacuation, or the need to manually assist with bowel movements.

• Discomfort During Intercourse: Pelvic organ prolapse can cause pain or discomfort during sexual activity.

• Lower Back Pain: Some women experience lower back pain associated with prolapse.

• Worsening Symptoms: Symptoms often worsen with prolonged standing, lifting, or straining, and may improve when lying down.

Causes and Risk Factors

Pelvic organ prolapse is primarily caused by weakened or damaged pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues. Several factors can increase the risk of developing prolapse:

• Childbirth: Vaginal delivery, especially if it involved prolonged labour, large babies, or the use of forceps, is a significant risk factor. Multiple pregnancies and deliveries further increase the risk.

• Aging and Menopause: The natural aging process and decreased oestrogen levels after menopause can weaken the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments.

• Hysterectomy: The removal of the uterus can lead to a shift in the position of the remaining pelvic organs, increasing the risk of prolapse.

• Obesity: Excess body weight places additional pressure on the pelvic floor, contributing to the development of prolapse.

• Chronic Cough or Constipation: Chronic coughing (e.g., due to smoking or lung conditions) and straining due to constipation can weaken the pelvic floor over time.

• Genetic Factors: Some women may have a genetic predisposition to weaker connective tissues, making them more susceptible to prolapse.

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition that can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. However, with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many women can manage their symptoms and regain control.

At Elysian Women’s Health, our team of specialists is dedicated to providing expert care and support to help you navigate the challenges of prolapse and improve your quality of life. Book an appointment with us to explore your treatment options and take the first step towards a healthier and happier you.